《综合商务英语》期末考试重点

Listening Comprehension

综合英语视听说教程 Unit 11

Task 1

T 1. David Emory joined a car-sharing network when he needed to go the distance to the suburbs of Atlanta or shop for something too big to haul on the commuter rail.

T 2. Flexcar members sign up online for the car.

F 3. The Seattle-based company, launched seventeen years ago, relies on smart card technology to track trips.

T 4. The smart reservation system wouldn’t allow two people to reserve the same car at the same time.

T 5. A reservation is the key to open and start the car.

F 6. With more U.S. cities facing major transportation challenges and congestion, car-sharing just may be far from a viable option.

F 7. Flexcar has 4,000 members in nine cities and it’s expanding.

F 8. But if you're a member in one city, you can’t borrow a set of wheels in another market.

T 9. The Atlanta Regional Commission estimates a total of 2.2 million people will move into the Atlanta Metro area over the next 25 years.

T 10. Programs like car-sharing could be critical in helping unclog congestion here and in other cities across America.

Task 2

1. The current scenario in Delhi is that up to 15 people die in traffic accidents a day.

2. Delhi is the world's third most populous city nowadays.

3. So far, 40 miles of track is in use and another 73 miles being furiously constructed in the city right now.

4. What's the current situation of the national rail system in Delhi ?

   It doesn't operate well.

5. How's the Delhi Metro?

   New and less crowded.

6. At present, the Delhi Metro carries up to 65,000 passengers a day.

7. Why is Delhi Metro rail a far cry from what usually awaits commuters there?

   Because the roads are jam-packed and bunch of people die on Delhi's roads every day.

8. Every day, about 900 vehicles are added to the already-choked roads in Delhi.

9. What's the tough challenge the government has to meet now?

   Shortage of time.

10. What are some other much smaller challenges being overcome little by little.

    Training commuters how to get on and off the metro in an orderly fashion.

Passage Translation

1. Unlike offering to carry a heavy box for someone, giving advice is a little bit complicated. We have to consider the relationship of the two parts, making sure whom we are and what our role is. In western countries, people like to mind their own business, so excessive eagerness to offer advice to others without their asking for it cannot show our care and kindness but only be seen as an intrusion upon their privacy.

   提建议可不像帮别人搬箱子那么简单。我们需要考虑双方的关系，明确我们是谁，我们的角色是什么。在西方国家，人们喜欢关注自己的事情，所以过度急切地主动给他人提建议不能证明我们的关爱和友善，相反只会被看作对他人隐私的侵犯。

2. Seeking advice without an open mind is like mining for gold while blindfolded: even if you came across a “golden nugget,” you would never even realize it. If you’re going to go through the trouble of seeking advice, and if you’re going to take up someone else’s time getting it, then the least you can do is be very open to anything and everything they say. The truth hurts. The person may advise you to do something you really don’t want to do. They may tell you that your brilliant idea has a huge flaw. They may tell you that, in their opinion, you are making a huge mistake. If you’re not ready to face the truth, don’t bother seeking the advice.

   没有带着开放的心态去征求别人的建议无异于蒙着眼睛开金矿。即使你遇上“金块”，你也毫不知情。如果你不怕麻烦打算向他人征求意见，如果你打算占用别人的时间听取别人的意见，那么至少你要做到能虚心听取他们发出的一切评论。真相总是让人受伤。人家可能建议你去做你根本不想做的事情，人家可能会说你这个高明的点子有重大缺陷，人家可能会告诉你你正在犯一个严重的错误。如果你没有做好准备面对现实，就不必去征求别人的意见了。

综合英语视听说教程 Unit 13

Task 1

T 1. Roomba is made as a household appliance, a robotic vacuum.

F 2. Complicated as Roomba is, it is helpful around the house.

T 3. IRobot has built the Roomba and remote-controlled bomb-disposal units.

T 4. You can have robots incorporated into your body to give back that arm or leg that you've lost.

T 5. Some robots swim and can remove ocean pollutants.

T 6. DARPA has made a state-of-the-art robotic "man."

T 7. DARPA's "robotic man" is the Autonomous Robotic Manipulation program, or ARM.

F 8. Depending on remote-control, ARM can actually look at some blocks, find one with a special pattern, and move it to a new location.

F 9. A DARPA robot can pick up a gym bag, unzip it, reach inside, and find an object that's inside the gym bag with visual feedback.

T 10. Some day, a DARPA robot might find a hidden bomb or help a disabled person select a shirt and button it.

Task 2

1. John Brownstein is a/an epidemiologist in Boston Children's Hospital.

2. The sea of pins on his virtual U.S. map represents the nationwide network of volunteers for his website, Flu Near You.

3. Brownstein intends to get people with a small amount of time each week to tell them how they're feeling.

4. Brownstein says he is ahead of the curve, which means he has predicted that the flu has already peaked and is heading down.

5. What does Brownstein intend to do by creating HealthMap?

   To look for clues about outbreaks.

6. What does Brownstein say about getting information from health ministers?

   He was tired of it.

7. Brownstein looks for clues about outbreaks via discussion with people in chat rooms and on forums.

8. Brownstein is now following an ebola outbreak in Uganda.

Passage Translation

1. Regardless of our nationality, throughout our life, there are always times of discomfort and dissatisfaction. It seems inevitable that we make complaints from time to time or even get angry and lose our temper. For instance, how annoying it is if it suddenly rains just as we are about to play golf with our friends. How irritating it is when our friend who is supposed to arrive at 6 o’clock has not shown up yet at 6:40 without giving us a call! Or when we are not satisfied with our working conditions we may feel unhappy, complaining about the uncomfortable surroundings. Or sometimes when we are dissatisfied with the product we have bought or the service we have paid for, we may get angry and make complaints.

   无论民族，在我们的生活中总会有不舒服、不满意的时候。我们似乎不可避免地要时不时生气、发脾气。例如，我们正打算和朋友一起打高尔夫却突然下雨了，真是让人恼火。例如，我们的朋友本该 6 点钟出现，可是都 6:40 了，不但没有出现，连电话也没有一个，这也让人生气。或者，因工作条件不好我们很不开心，就免不了发牢骚。或者，我们购买的产品、我们付费的服务有时不能使人满意，我们也可能生气、投诉。

2. When we complain about someone, we need to be very careful, because no one likes being blamed or criticized. In order to avoid being rude or not to hurt someone’s feelings, we usually need to be more polite and considerate, stating our dissatisfaction in a roundabout way. Of course, that also depends on the degree of our dissatisfaction and anger. The way of expressing it is different when we are just slightly annoyed and when we are absolutely furious.

   抱怨别人的时候，我们一定要小心，因为谁也不喜欢受责备、挨批评。为了避免失礼或伤害他人感情，我们通常要既讲礼貌又考虑周全，迂回委婉地表达自己的不满。当然，这要看我们不满和生气的程度了。稍有不悦和绝对愤怒的心情表达的方式是不一样的。

综合英语视听说教程 Unit 14

Task 1

F 1. US unemployment rate keeps going up in six months.

F 2. Judy is an applicant who was laid off recently.

T 3. Judy said it is getting harder to stay positive.

F 4. Job readiness program offers applicants job positions.

T 5. Job readiness program gets people ready for their next position.

T 6. Some people believe that the fault lies with partisan politics in Washington.

T 7. Gene Sperling denounced the Congress for inaction.

F 8. It is only not long before do people realize the true national economic crisis is the long term unemployment.

T 9. It is both irresponsible and inexcusable for parties to play politics as usual, or sit on their hands in the face of the crisis.

F 10. President Obama's job package was welcomed by Republicans.

Task 2

1. To be the best boss you can, you will need leadership skills, communication skills, clear expectations, and humility.

2. Lead the team by example. 'Example' here is a role model.

3. The customers are important because they fund the paychecks.

4. A good boss communicates with the employees to All of the above.

5. If there is a problem with an employee, the boss should to handle it as soon as it happens.

6. What is not mentioned as the purpose to schedule meetings regularly?

   Give the employees your clear, detailed expectations.

7. Which one is not mentioned as a good way to encourage the employees?

   Give the employees awards in scheduled company meetings.

8. What shouldn't a boss do according to the video clip?

   Lose your temper in front of your employees.

9. Which quality is not mentioned for being a good boss?

   Generous and kind.

10. Bosses in Eastern Europe are more likely to treat their employees in a superior manner.

Passage Translation

1. It is never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with honesty and think how often you have judged roughly, you said unkind things, and pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then a heartfelt apology can not only heal a damaged relationship but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, or someone you have wronged, do something about it right now.

   承认自己错了可不容易。作为人，我们都需要了解道歉的艺术。诚实地回首，想想有多少次你曾经做出仓促的判断，说出缺乏善意的话语，利用朋友往上爬。那么一个发自肺腑的道歉不仅使受损的关系得到修复，还能有进一步的发展。如果你能想想你还欠谁一个道歉，或者你曾经错怪过谁，现在就做些什么吧。

2. Stress caused by schoolwork and tiredness can sometimes result in outbursts of anger against friends and family. Have you ever lost your temper for minor reasons? After calming down, most people are quick to realize their mistake and apologize. But it's just as important to identify what caused the error in the first place and take action to ensure it doesn't happen again. No one should hold a negative attitude to making a sincere apology. Empty words are easy to say, but they are as useless as they sound. A real show of remorse demands hard work and commitment to put error right.

   学业压力和疲劳有时会让人对朋友或家人发脾气。你是否曾经因小事而大发雷霆？冷静下来，大多数人会很快意识到自己的错误并道歉。但是，首先确定造成错误的原因然后采取措施保证不重蹈覆辙同样重要。谁都不该对诚恳道歉持消极态度。空话说来容易，不过听来无用。真正的懊悔需要有改错的表现和决心。

Unit 6 E-commerce

Text A

Read Comprehension

1. In the world of digital retailing, all eyes are on China because B2C online retail in China will grow three times faster than overall retail.

2. Which of the following does NOT lead to the rapid development of online shopping?

   A retailer can deliver merchandise to any city within two days.

3. The most important trend to emerge in Chinese consumers is to become mobile shoppers.

4. Social media has become a critical customer engagement channel because customers value other customers' opinions more than official company messages.

5. The most successful retailers and brands will be those who engage with customers at all three stages of the digital journey.

6. The promotion of Coca-Cola was successful because it involved digital innovations that made the most of customer data.

7. The omnichannel strategy offers products through both physical stores and online sites.

8. Cannibalization occurs when more customers are attracted to a lower-priced channel.

9. Biostime is mentioned in Paragraph 9 because it utilizes its membership program data successfully.

10. As Biostime has learned, the most successful companies will continually innovate their digital business models to provide better service.

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. It is now common for physically disabled individuals to receive the bulk of their education in regular school programs.
2. Understanding why we eat and what we eat is one of the most critical influences on our health and longevity.
3. In this film, Mia, a woman with intellectual impairment from Beirut, Lebanon, talks about the discrimination she has faced in education, and the need for self-advocacy.
4. Daniel Defoe describes Robinson Crusoe as a typical English Middle-class man of the eighteenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder or the pioneer colonist.
5. If blood didn't circulate through our bodies, carrying oxygen and nutrients, we wouldn't be able to live.
6. The inspiring autobiography of James Dyson, the country's leading entrepreneur and inventor, tells the readers how he succeeded against the odds.
7. Expedia is waiving the fee to those who sign up and transact before the end of April.
8. The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds on which to base his arguments in favor of the new theory.
9. We cannot stand still while our competitors try to pass us by making the critical decisions that will allow them to gain an edge in new industries.
10. To avoid a nasty surprise, the Europeans will probably need to yield to Greece's demands.

Text B

Reading Comprehension

1. Although this new style of printing comes with many advantages, it is simultaneously drastically (thoroughly) transforming the market.
2. Communicators should take into account the "mental model" held by members of their audience and tailor (change) presentations accordingly.
3. NASA made headlines in December when it announced it found a new form of life with a DNA completely alien to (different from) everything we know.
4. Many of those who give to charity want the instant gratification (satisfaction) of helping someone somewhere somehow.
5. It is the must-see state of India, brimming with varied, startling and incredible (unbelievable) attractions.
6. Humans are tool builders and we build tools that can dramatically amplify (strengthen) our innate human abilities.
7. Despite the importance of the Asian market, the company does little to alter design to cater to (gratify) Asian tastes.
8. Amazon will remain in the investment phase (stage) of its development for the foreseeable future.
9. Many visitors, surfers included, opt (prefer) to pitch a tent on the campgrounds located on the edge of town.
10. The president's apparent hesitation to approve the military plan to implement (pursue) the strategy he announced in March leaves many analysts confused.

Unit 7 Risk Management

Text A

Reading Comprehension

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

   The American standard defines risk as "the chance of something happening that will have an impact on objectives".

2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the common risks?

   Swan flu.

3. Loss of intellectual property belongs to the common risk category of security.

4. Which of the following belongs to an indirect risk to your business?

   A natural disaster by which your customers are affected.

5. Managing risk in your business is important because it helps you to minimize the risks and to recover from their impacts.

6. Which of the following is NOT an element of the PPRR model?

   Readiness.

7. Business continuity planning is documenting all of the PPRR steps.

8. The business continuity planning template is free of charge.

9. To prepare a risk management plan and a business impact analysis, you need to spend time, money and resources.

10. After a crisis, you can use a checklist to return to your premises because you are fully prepared and well practiced.

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. The core objective for research-led universities must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts.
2. But the likelihood is that people would be willing to pay if they were certain that their money was going to a good cause.
3. They maintain that universities should be open to the public without restriction.
4. Mr. Obama's plan to curb carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, though necessary, will be far from cost-free, whatever his sunny speeches on the subject might suggest.
5. The competition was tense, with four candidates individual in the first round.
6. Any copyright, patent, trademark, or other intellectual property right should be protected.
7. We are utterly opposed to any form of terrorism and public cooperation is vital in the fight against it.
8. Responding promptly to accidents and other emergencies is an important part of their job.
9. This year's budget for AIDS prevention probably won't be much higher.
10. When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it.

Text B

Unit 8 Corporate Culture

Text A

Reading Comprehension

1. Which word does NOT describe culture?

   Assumptions.

2. Which of the following does NOT help to form and maintain a culture?

   Punctuality.

3. Corporate culture matters for companies because it's a key determinant of their reputation.

4. The right way to tackle the issue of compromising on quality to make sales is to create an incentive scheme and carry it out.

5. To put a culture in place, leaders should focus on employee selection and socialization.

6. To enforce corporate culture across national boundaries, the leadership should manage and ensure that the same values and norms are upheld.

7. A must-do for legitimate businesses these days is to check annual reports for the company's culture and a statement of values.

8. It seems there is a positive correlation between trustworthy managers and profitable company.

9. The general population predicted that the bankers were more dishonest than criminals.

10. Companies can better educate employees about their corporate culture by having a code of conduct and telling their employees in concrete terms.

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions.
2. At the front of this big store are large double doors that open promptly 9 a.m.
3. I am prepared to make some concession on minor details, but I cannot compromise on fundamentals.
4. The government claims that the economy is improving, but this survey suggests otherwise.
5. The sociologist is interested in how people's perceptions of death affect the way they live.
6. It is essential that we act with integrity in order to build the kind of world in which we want to live.
7. The money is collected in a straightforward way with little margin for error.
8. The factory was closed for failing to comply with government safety regulations.
9. We support political and economic reform in the Middle East and North Africa that can meet the legitimate aspirations of ordinary people throughout the region.
10. By harnessing the economic potential of all women,we boost opportunity for all people.

Text B

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. We dcnounce (condemn) this violence and these acts; we have nothing to do with fundamentalists or extremists.
2. After court adjourned, Hassoun appeared to express relief as he smiled and hugged his attorney (lawyer).
3. Its basic tenet (dogma) is that Russia's destiny is to be a great power, a greatness that must be fostered in the face of Western attempts to undermine it.
4. Drowsy drivers often make it safely to their destination, but for some, the consequences are devastating (disastrous).
5. Many countries are concerned that pouring more arms into Syria could escalate (intensify) the conflict.
6. Measures need to be taken to mitigate (alleviate) the environmental effects of burning more coal.
7. Last week Jackson apologized for derogatory (insulting) comments he made about Obama and about the candidate's speeches on black parental responsibility.
8. It was said that because of some reservations to the proposal they have decided to halt (stop) their efforts in Lebanon in order to consult with their leadership.
9. We collectively (jointly) choose the world that we want, not just as consumers, but as people who have and promote ideas.
10. All the candidates have been getting an enormous amount of exposure (publicity) on television and in the press.

Unit 9 Green Economy

Text A

Reading Comprehension

1. Which of the following is NOT a result of green economy?

   Green economy is low-carbon, resource efficient and socially exclusive.

2. According to the author, one environmentally harmful subsidy is price and production subsidies for fossil fuels.

3. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

   Green economy maps ecological resources and priceless commodities.

4. Green investments tend to be more employment intensive because eco-taxes have shown positive employment impacts.

5. Renewable technologies are competitive because their growth is increasingly driven by non-OECD countries.

6. Rapid urbanization often results in declining environmental performance.

7. It can be inferred in Paragraph 9 that the higher the urban density the higher the labour productivity.

8. Many subsidies are a significant economic and environmental cost because lowering the price of goods through subsidization encourages inefficiency.

9. Green investments will enhance new sectors and technologies because they are the main sources of economic development and growth of the future.

10. Which of the following statements is true?

    There is no trade-off between economic progress and environmental sustainability.

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. Many critical measures are under way for enhanced preparedness and for mitigation of the health effects.
2. The project is designed to generate around 30 megawatts of power for the national grid.
3. Companies have more ways than ever before to reach these consumers with innovative products and services.
4. The company offers a bonus as a(n) incentive to greater speed and efficiency in production.
5. The governments pass laws to limit tobacco production and prohibit smoking in public places.
6. The best partnerships are based on mutual respect, complementary skills and aligned objectives.
7. To catch up with and surpass the advanced world levels we'll have to accelerate our speed.
8. Mankind must take care not to deplete the earth of its natural resources.
9. Arrests and jail sentences have done nothing to deter the protesters.
10. This, in turn, can contribute to poverty alleviation and sustainable national development.

Text B

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. Young people surpass (do better than) old men in strength.
2. It allows you to harness (use) existing technologies and incorporate them into one application.
3. If you have a complaint, you should tell me outright (directly).
4. The train was stationary(motionless) for 90 minutes.
5. The conjunction (combination) of heavy rains and strong winds caused flooding.
6. This campaign is really gaining momentum (impetus).
7. As the number of connected devices in any network increases, the number of possible connections between them grows exponentially (greatly).
8. The current recession was triggered (caused) by a slump in consumer spending.
9. He was virtually (almost) unknown before running for office.
10. Despite this, they can be used in cooking to enhance (improve) flavour, but they must be removed before eating.

Unit 10 China's Economy and the World

Text A

Reading Comprehension

1. The title of this passage means that China's voice at Davos is urgently needed.

2. The 2017 World Economic Forum was special because Chinese President Xi Jinping attended it for the first time.

3. Which of the following is NOT a new source of growth suggested by President Xi?

   Realizing economic globalization.

4. The World Economic Forum in Davos is famous because it is a gathering for global elites and an incubator of new ideas.

5. "Unprecedented" in Paragraph 8 means that it is the first time of China's representation at Davos.

6. The first Chinese company to own a major American film company is Dalian Wanda.

7. Which of the messages about the Belt and Road Initiative is NOT true?

   It has received support from more than 100 countries.

8. A comment President Xi reiterated at Davos is China's opening up and liberalizing its domestic market.

9. Currently, China does not participate in the Trans-Pacific Partnership.

10. Which of the following is NOT a challenge for global growth in 2017?

    The emergent strength in China's household sector.

Vocabulary Accumulation

1. Investors appeared to take heart from a smattering of news from banks and the government.
2. The survey results suggest that the magic of air travel has been replaced by traveller's desire to reach destinations at the most economical price.
3. Organic food is produced without artificial chemicals or pesticides.
4. Airlines have been forced to discount fares heavily in order to spur demand.
5. The facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.
6. The bank charges a fixed rate for each transaction.
7. Restaurant companies are praying to offer more-healthful menu options for children at a time when concern is growing over the role of fast food in childhood obesity.
8. The newly elected president reaffirmed his commitment to the country's economic reform programme.
9. The government has initiated a massive new house-building programme.
10. Statistics paint a sobering picture —— unemployment, tight credit, lower home values, sluggish job growth.

Summary and Interpretation

Unit 6

Text A

1. wrestle (v.)

Definition:

When you wrestle with a difficult problem, you try to deal with it.

Translation:

试图解决

2. register (v.)

Definition:

When something registers on a scale or measuring instrument, it shows on the scale or instrument. You can also say that something registers a certain amount or level on a scale or measuring instrument.

Translation:

（仪表等）显示，指示

3. browse (v.)

Definition:

If you browse on a computer, you search for information in computer files or on the Internet.

Translation:

浏览；翻阅

4. wrap up (phr.)

Definition:

If you wrap up something such as a job or an agreement, you complete it in a satisfactory way.

Translation:

圆满完成 (工作)；达成 (协议)

5. spur (vt.)

Definition:

If one thing spurs you to do another, it encourages you to do it.

Translation:

鼓动；激励

6. stride (n.)

Definition:

If you make strides in something that you are doing, you make rapid progress in it.

Translation:

进步

7. make the most of (phr.)

Definition:

If you make the most of something, you get the maximum use or advantage from it.

Translation:

充分利用

8. coordinate (vt.)

Definition:

If you co-ordinate an activity, you organize the various people and things involved in it.

Translation:

协调；调和

9. circulate (v.)

Definition:

If something such as a rumour circulates or is circulated, the people in a place tell it to each other.

Translation:

散布；流传

10. prototype (n.)

Definition:

A prototype is a new type of machine or device that is not yet ready to be made in large numbers and sold.

Translation:

原型；样品；样本

Text B

Smartphone integration, robots, and experience-focused designs might create "frictionless" shopping. Amazon's grab-and-go stores amazed consumers, questioning the need for check-out staff, queues, or even physical stores. Experts debate if robots will serve us, transforming traditional retail into a tech-driven, seamless experience.

智能手机连接、机器人以及注重体验的设计可能实现“无摩擦”购物。亚马逊的即拿即走商店让消费者惊叹，质疑收银员、排队甚至实体店的必要性。专家们探讨，机器人是否会为我们服务，从而将传统零售转变为技术驱动的无缝体验。

Unit 7

Text A

1. scenario (n.)

Definition:

When you wrestle with a difficult problem, you try to deal with it.

Translation:

试图解决

2. breach (n.)

Definition:

A breach of an agreement, a law, or a promise is an act of breaking it.

Translation:

违背；破坏（条约、法律或承诺）

3. compliance (n.)

Definition:

Compliance with something, for example a law, treaty, or agreement means doing what you are required or expected to do.

Translation:

服从；承诺

4. fraud (n.)

Definition:

Fraud is the crime of gaining money or financial benefits by a trick or by lying.

Translation:

欺诈，诈骗

5. vacancy (n.)

Definition:

A vacancy is a job or position which has not been filled.

Translation:

空缺；空位

6. access (vt.)

Definition:

If you access something, especially information held on a computer, you succeed in finding or obtaining it.

Translation:

接近，进入，获取

7. perishable (adj.)

Definition:

Goods such as food that are perishable go bad after quite a short length of time.

Translation:

易腐烂的，易变质的

8. minimize (vt.)

Definition:

If you minimize a risk, problem, or unpleasant situation, you reduce it to the lowest possible level, or prevent it increasing beyond that level.

Translation:

把…减至最低数量 ，使保持最低程度

9. prevention (n.)

Definition:

the act of preventing

Translation:

预防；阻止

10. in the event of (phr.)

Definition:

You use in the event of, in the event that, and in that event when you are talking about a possible future situation, especially when you are planning what to do if it occurs.

Translation:

万一；倘若

11. eliminate (vt.)

Definition:

To eliminate something, especially something you do not want or need, means to remove it completely.

Translation:

排除，消除

12. likelihood (n.)

Definition:

The likelihood of something happening is how likely it is to happen.

Translation:

可能，可能性

13. evaluate (vt.)

Definition:

If you evaluate something or someone, you consider them in order to make a judgment about them, for example about how good or bad they are.

Translation:

评估；评价

14. obligation (n.)

Definition:

If you have an obligation to do something, it is your duty to do that thing.

Translation:

义务，责任

15. resume (v.)

Definition:

If you resume an activity or if it resumes, it begins again.

Translation:

重新开始，继续

Text B

Business risks include:

1. Strategic Risk: Challenges from market changes affecting goals.
2. Compliance Risk: Failure to adhere to laws or regulations.
3. Operational Risk: Internal issues disrupting processes.
4. Financial Risk: Money management or economic shifts affecting finances.
5. Reputational Risk: Damage to public image impacting trust.

商业风险包括：

1. 战略风险：市场变化对目标的影响。
2. 合规风险：未遵守法律或法规的风险。
3. 运营风险：内部问题导致流程中断的风险。
4. 财务风险：资金管理或经济变化对财务的影响。
5. 声誉风险：公众形象受损对信任的影响。

Unit 8

Text A

1. cognitive (adj.)

Definition:

Cognitive means relating to the mental process involved in knowing, learning, and understanding things.

Translation:

认知的

2. inculcate (vt.)

Definition:

If you inculcate an idea or opinion in someone’s mind, you teach it to them by repeating it until it is fixed in their mind.

Translation:

反复灌输

3. implement (vt.)

Definition:

If you implement something such as a plan, you ensure that what has been planned is done.

Translation:

实施；执行

4. in case of (phr.)

Definition:

in the event of

Translation:

万一；如果；防备

5. scandal (n.)

Definition:

A scandal is a situation or event that is thought to be shocking and immoral and that everyone knows about.

Translation:

丑闻；诽谤

6. legitimate (adj.)

Definition:

Something that is legitimate is acceptable according to the law.

Translation:

合法的；合理的；正规的

7. integrity (n.)

Definition:

If you have integrity, you are honest and firm in your moral principles.

Translation:

正直；诚实

8. inherently (adv.)

Definition:

in an inherent manner

Translation:

天性地；固有地

9. harness (vt.)

Definition:

If you harness something such as an emotion or natural source of energy, you bring it under your control and use it.

Translation:

利用

10. peer (n.)

Definition:

Your peers are the people who are the same age or have the same status as you.

Translation:

同辈；同伴

11. straightforward (adj.)

Definition:

If you describe something as straightforward, you approve of it because it is easy to do or understand.

Translation:

容易的；易懂的

Text B

Personal opinions, especially on social media, can severely damage corporate brands, leading to boycotts and legal issues. Companies must establish clear communication policies and crisis management plans to mitigate reputational risks.

个人意见，尤其是在社交媒体上的，可能会严重损害公司品牌，导致抵制和法律问题。公司必须建立清晰的沟通政策和危机管理计划，以减轻声誉风险。

Unit 9

Text A

1. scarcity (n.)

Definition:

If there is a scarcity of something, there is not enough of it for the people who need it or want it.

Translation:

不足，缺乏

2. inclusive (adj.)

Definition:

If you describe a group or organization as inclusive, you mean that it allows all kinds of people to belong to it, rather than just one kind of person.

Translation:

包括的，包容的

3. pave the way for (phr.)

Definition:

to prepare for or make something easy for

Translation:

为…做好准备；开方便之门

4. conserve (vt.)

Definition:

to protect something from harm, loss, or change

Translation:

保护；保存

5. contribute to (phr.)

Definition:

to help to promote

Translation:

促成；有助于

6. generate (vt.)

Definition:

To generate something means to cause it to begin and develop.

Translation:

发生；引起；造成

7. elimination (n.)

Definition:

The elimination of something means the complete removal of something.

Translation:

排除；根除

8. exert (vt.)

Definition:

If someone or something exerts influence, authority, or pressure, they use it in a strong or determined way, especially in order to produce a particular effect.

Translation:

发挥；运用

9. innovative (adj.)

Definition:

something new and original

Translation:

创新的；革新的

10. allow for (phr.)

Definition:

to take into consideration

Translation:

考虑到；允许

11. deplete (v.)

Definition:

To deplete resources or materials means to use up.

Translation:

耗尽；枯竭

12. prohibit (v.)

Definition:

If a law or someone in authority prohibits something, they forbid it or make it illegal.

Translation:

禁止

13. deter (v.)

Definition:

To deter someone from doing something means to make them not want to do it or continue doing it.

Translation:

阻止

14. accelerate (v.)

Definition:

If the process or rate of something accelerates or if something accelerates it, it gets faster and faster.

Translation:

加速

15. complementary (adj.)

Definition:

Complementary things are different from each other but make a good combination.

Translation:

互补的

16. necessitate (v.)

Definition:

If something necessitates an event, action, or situation, it makes it necessary.

Translation:

使成为必需

17. alleviate (vt.)

Definition:

If you alleviate pain, suffering, or an unpleasant condition, you make it less intense or severe.

Translation:

减轻

Text B

Solar power is booming due to government incentives and lower costs, making personal solar use widespread. Its affordability surpasses other energies, and the industry is becoming self-sufficient. Jobs in solar power are also on the rise.

由于政府激励措施和成本降低，太阳能电力行业正在蓬勃发展，使得个人太阳能使用变得普遍。太阳能的可负担性超过了其他能源，且该行业正变得自给自足。太阳能领域的工作岗位也在增加。

Unit 10

Text A

1. take heart (phr.)

Definition:

gain courage

Translation:

鼓起勇气；振作起来

2. stance (n.)

Definition:

Your stance on a particular matter is your attitude to it.

Translation:

态度； 立场

3. resort (n.)

Definition:

A resort is a place where a lot of people spend their holiday.

Translation:

度假胜地

4. commitment (vt.)

Definition:

If you make a commitment to do something, you promise that you will do it.

Translation:

承诺

5. acknowledge (vt.)

Definition:

If you acknowledge a fact or a situation, you accept or admit that it is true or that it exists.

Translation:

承认

6. initiate (vt.)

Definition:

If you initiate something, you start it or cause it to happen.

Translation:

使开始；发起

7. make a name for oneself (phr.)

Definition:

to become famous

Translation:

出名

8. elite (n.)

Definition:

You can refer to the most powerful, rich, or talented people as the elite.

Translation:

精英

9. juncture (n.)

Definition:

A juncture is a crisis situation or point in time when a critical decision must be made.

Translation:

关键点

10. sluggish (adj.)

Definition:

You can describe something as sluggish if it moves, works, or reacts much slower than you would like or is normal.

Translation:

缓慢的；迟钝的

11. take advantage of (phr.)

Definition:

to make use of for gain

Translation:

利用；占便宜

12. pledge (v.)

Definition:

When someone pledges to do something, they promise in a serious way to do it. When they pledge something, they promise to give it.

Translation:

保证

13. deploy (vt.)

Definition:

To deploy troops or resources means to organize or position them so that they are ready to be used.

Translation:

部署；调动

14. reiterate (vt.)

Definition:

If you reiterate something, you say it again, usually in order to emphasize it.

Translation:

重申

15. accord (n.)

Definition:

An accord between countries or groups of people is a formal agreement, for example to end a war.

Translation:

协议；条约

16. slash (vt.)

Definition:

To slash something such as costs or jobs means to reduce them by a large amount.

Translation:

大幅度削减

17. stimulus (n.)

Definition:

A stimulus is something that encourages activity in people or things.

Translation:

刺激物

Text B

China's economic maturity significantly impacts the U.S., given their intertwined economies and growing exports. Despite a stable trade deficit, U.S. exports to China have risen by 50% since 2008. China's lowered growth target reflects natural economic progression, not unexpected challenges.

中国经济的成熟对与其经济紧密相连的美国产生重大影响。尽管贸易逆差保持稳定，但自2008年以来，美国对华出口增长了50%。中国调低增长目标反映了经济的自然发展，而非意外问题。